Sp-Sz

Speciesism:

Spinal Cord: the long column of neural tissue running through the spinal canal from the 2nd lumbar vertebra in the spinal column up to the medulla.

Spiral Dynamics: the 'build' on the work of Clare W Graves created by Don Beck & Chris Cowan which links Graves' work to Memetics. The model is so powerful that it sits at the core of Integrated SocioPsychology.

Spiral Dynamics-integral: Don Beck's meshing of Spiral Dynamics with the Integral All Quadrants/All Levels philosophical approach of Ken Wilber. This has produced the powerful 4Q/8L application.

Spiral Wizard: the term used by Don Beck & Chris Cowan to describe those people with thinking sophisticated enough to understand and deal with all the 1st Tier levels in Spiral Dynamics. The presumption is that someone needs to have reached the 2nd Tier in much of their thinking to have developed that capacity for such understanding.

Stages of Moral Development:

Standard Deviation: see Measures of Dispersion.

State: the condition we experience personally. The quality of the elements comprising our state may vary and accordingly our state varies. Much thinking in Psychology and Philosophy about the concept of 'state' comes from the work of the Russian philosopher George Ivanovitch Gurdjieff. In the basic version of his model what we think cognitively, how we feel and what we do are all bound up symbiotically. Change in one domain will inevitably influence change in the other two. This concept of state has led to the Mercedes Model in NLP.

State-Society Theory:

State-Trait Anxiety Inventory:

Statistical Significance:

Strange Situation: a sequence of procedures devised by Mary Ainsworth & B A Wittig to test the emotional reactions of infants as a way of typing their mode of attachment to their mothers or other significant persons (eg: fathers). The process involves observation of the infant's behaviour and emotional reactions to being in a strange room with toys with varying combinations of mother and stranger.

Stratified Democracy: the approach developed by Don Beck that the form of governance (Lower Right in 4Q/8L) of a culture or sub-culture should reflect the traditions and patterns of thinking in that grouping (Lower Left). Eg: if the PURPLE vMEME dominated in a tribal-type situation, the tribal elders (or equivalents) making the decisions for that grouping would be more appropriate than introducing modern Western one person, one vote democracy.

Stress: a state of physiological arousal produced in response to the (perceived) demands of the environment (stressors). The term is often used negatively because, as Hans Selye first demonstrated scientifically and outlined in his General Adaptation Syndrome, high levels of stress for an elongated period of time can have truly-damaging effects on both mental and physical health. See also Eustress.

Strokes:

Structural Functionalism:

Structuralism: the term has been used for several approaches with nothing more in common than a concern with the structure or organisation of those phenomena under consideration.

• In the late 19th Century Edward B Titchener used 'structuralism' as a label for his concept that all mental experience, no matter how complex, could be viewed as blends or combinations of simple processes or elements
• The term was applied to Jean Piaget's sequence of stages of mental operations which a child progresses through to reach a formal operatory level.
• 'Structuralism' is also used to describe sociological/anthropological approaches, such as that of Claude Levi-Strauss where the focus is on social organisation and societal structures and how they are learned and reacted to by members of that society.

Submodality: a characteristic of the information processed by a modality - eg: brightness and motion in visual representations; loudness and tone in auditory representations.
Many NLP therapies involve submodality exercises.

Sub-culture: a group of people with a distinct identity based on factors such as morals, attitudes, rules, practices, etc, yet who also appear to be a part of or within a larger grouping.

Sulci:

Super Male Syndrome:

Superego: see Psychoanalytic Theory.

Suprachiasmatic Neucleus:

Surplus Value:

Symbolic Interactionism:

Synapse:

Systematic Desensitisation: a form of Behavioural therapy for the treatment of phobias.The strategy is to replace the fear response to the threatening stimulus with a different response such as muscle relaxation.