J-K

Johari Window: developed by Joseph Luft & Harry Ingham (1955), this is a powerful model for exploring the self in relation to others. Very basically, its quadrants are:-

• Arena: things I know, things you know
• Blind Spot: things I don't know, things you know
• Facade: things I know, things you don't know
• Unknown: things I don't know, things you don't know

Klinefelter’s Syndrome: affects about 1 male in every 500 to 1,000. They have an extra X chromosome - ie: XXY. Consequently their testes are small and their fertility is usually very weak - many are effectively sterile. Small, low functioning testes means they have low testosterone levels. Usually the penis is small too and they may have slightly increased breast tissue. There is no growth of body hair. See Chromsomal Problems in Gender Development for more on this condition.

Several variations of the original version have been developed over the years but the essential focus of focusing on one person and their relationships with one grouping at a time has remained consistent - as has the notion that the core concept is to explore what is unknown to self, to others, to both.

The exercise can be very powerful in breaking down communication barriers.

However, it does need very careful managing - especially in a below-GREEN culture where the ORANGE vMEME may exploit and RED engage in needless cruelty. Equally, it could prove dangerous to engage in a Johari Window exercise where individual temperaments are high in Extraversion and/or Psychoticism.

Kin Selection: this is where any gene that promotes the survival of all ‘kin’ is selected because it will mean the greater likelihood of all genetic relatives surviving and thus passing on common genes shared amongst the relatives.

Natural selection works at the individual level whereas kin selection works at the level of a group where members of the group share common genes.

Eg: altruism can be argued to contradict natural selection because it costs the individual and, therefore, reduces their chances of survival and reproduction. However, if the altruistic act improves the chances of survival and reproduction of a genetic relative, then, by the mechanism of kin selection, it can be argued the altruistic act is an adaptive response.