E

Eclectic Approach: where a psychologist or therapist will use the most appropriate models and techniques from whatever school or field, regardless of academic boundaries, to meet their clients' needs.

Ego: generally, an individual's sense of self - though there are numerous connotations/sub-meanings related to the term. Sigmund Freud applied something of a different, quite specific meaning to 'ego' - see Psychoanalytic Theory. To avoid confusion, in Integrated SocioPsychology Susan Blackmore’s term selfplex is preferred as the idea of ‘self’.

Endocrine System: governed by the autonomic nervous system, the endocrine system is a system of ductless glands in the body that produce hormones.

Endogneous: to do with internal causes - eg: Endogenous Depression might be the result of hormonal changes.

Enneagramme: reputedly with its roots in Suffiism, the Enneagramme describes 9 different patterns of thought, feeling and action and the relationships between the types. Each of the 9 types is rooted in a specific viewpoint or belief structure that largely determines what is important to a person and how that person interacts with the world to fulfill their hopes and dreams. Very basically, the 9 types are:-

• Type 1: Perfectionist - driven to do the right thing
• Type 2: Helper - needing to be needed
• Type 3: Achiever - efficent, goal-driven and focussed on being a 'winner'
• Type 4: Individualist - craving self-expression and emotional depth
• Type 5: Observer - perceptive and capable of synthsesising information in new ways
• Type 6: Questionner - vigilant for threats from the environment
• Type 7: Adventurer - has a surplus of plans and ideas and is eager for experiences and/or material goods
• Type 8: Leader - driven to control self and the environment, capable of both domination and protectiveness
• Type 9: Peacemaker - good at seeing all points of view and easily distracted from personal needs and priorities

Personality typing models, such as the Enneagramme, for the most part tend to describe centres of gravity.
The Paris-based L'Institut Français De L'Ennéagramme in Paris has been working on a project to explore how Enneagramme typing fits with the vMEMES of Spiral Dynamics. The Article, 'Spiral Dynamics and The Enneagram', captures some of their work.

Epistemology: the study of knowledge - especially the scope and methods of acquiring knowledge and testing its validity.

Ethnic Groups:

Equity Theory: developed originally as a psychological approach to employer-employee relationships by J Stacy Adams, Equity Theory was used by Elaine Walster, G William Walster & Ellen Berscheid to develop Social Exchange Theory more completely.
In essence Equity Theory proposes that where one partner in a relationship gets significantly less out of the relationship than the other - ie: the relationship is unequitable - then the partner with less will strive to establish/restore a balance.

Eustress: Hans Selye's term for low-level positive stress that helps energise and prepare people for important events - eg: first dates, exams, etc.

Evaluation Apprehension: see Demand Characteristics.

Evolutionary Psychology: this approach uses Sociobiology as well as social and cognitive factors to explain behaviour in terms of its evolutionary adaptiveness. Increasingly it has come to be dominated by Sociobiology - emphasising the ability to survive and reproduce the individual's genes in face of changes in the environment.

Experiment:

Experimental Hypothesis:

Exogenous:

Extraneous Variable: see variable.

Extraversion: the terms 'Introvert' (somone focussed inward and preoccupied with their own thoughts) and 'Extravert' (someone outgoing and frequently the 'centre of attention') were coined by Carl Gustav Jung who concluded that these tendencies were essentially innate. Extraversion has been incorporated as a key scale into the Jungian-derived Myers-Briggs Type Indicator psychometric.
However, the foremost work on Extraversion is that of Hans J Eysenck who made it one of his biologically-determined Dimensions of Temperament.
Integrated SocioPscychology considers the possibility that how introverted or extraverted someone is may influence the manner in which they ascend Clare W Graves Spiral. It may be that introverts tend to ascend more via the self-sacrifice/conformist side and extraverts more by the express-self side.