roots Behaviourism Cognitive approach introduction of mental states into Behaviourist thinking the brain-mind as information processor (stimulus - information processing - response) computer analogies Latent Learning and cognitive maps - Edward C Tolman & C H Honzik 1930 Bo-Bo doll experiments Bandura & the Bo-Bo-Dolls young children imitate adult behaving aggressively when the adult is rewarded or at least not punished; they do not imitate an adult who is punished - Albert Bandura & Richard Walters 1963 children offered rewards for modelling the adults's behaviour replicated it - Bandura1965 Observational Learning requires requires a role model learner identifies with role model behaviour of role model observed attended to noted (stored in memory) behaviour is imitated/reproduced Vicarious Reinforcement seeing others rewarded encourages us to imitate that behaviour seeing others punished discourages us from repeating the behaviour realising the behaviour is not rewarded may lead to extinction effects modelling new behaviour is copied eliciting behaviour is copied but slightly differently disinhibiting carrying out a new, unique behaviour that is rewarded inhibitory stopping a behaviour that is punished model more likely to be imitate if similar important or prestigious observable the more visible, the more able to be copied